Under what circumstances can law enforcement officers use deadly force?

Law enforcement officers are permitted to use deadly force when they believe it is necessary to protect themselves or others from imminent harm. This principle is rooted in the necessity of self-defense and the defense of others, reflecting the understanding that officers have a duty to protect life, including their own.

In situations where an officer perceives an immediate threat of death or serious bodily injury either to themselves or to another individual, the use of deadly force can be justified. The concept of imminent harm emphasizes the urgency of the threat; it must be clear and present, leaving no reasonable alternative for the officer to ensure safety.

This principle is supported by legal standards and training that inform officers when such extreme measures are warranted. The rationale ensures that deadly force is only a last resort, deployed when there is no viable option for retreat or negotiation, or when the threat cannot be mitigated in a less lethal manner.

The context surrounding the other circumstances demonstrates why they do not align with the criteria for the appropriate use of lethal force. For instance, probable cause alone does not justify deadly force without the immediate threat context. Similarly, chasing a fleeing suspect or resisting arrest does not automatically warrant the use of lethal options, as these situations often provide opportunities to employ non-lethal measures or