Under what circumstances must Miranda Rights be read?

Miranda Rights must be read during custody and interrogation because this is when an individual is both deprived of freedom in a significant way and is subject to questioning by law enforcement. The rights are intended to ensure that individuals are aware of their right to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning, thereby protecting them against self-incrimination as mandated by the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

In situations where a person is in custody—meaning they are not free to leave—and are being interrogated by police, the law requires that they be informed of these rights. If law enforcement fails to provide this warning during these critical moments, any statements made by the suspect during the interrogation may be deemed inadmissible in court.

The other options do not represent the specific conditions under which Miranda Rights must be read. For example, simply making an arrest does not automatically necessitate the reading of these rights unless the subsequent interrogation occurs in custody. Trial proceedings occur after the rights have already been addressed, and reading them at the time of the offense lacks the necessary context of custody and interrogation, which are pivotal in the application of the Miranda warning.