What does "probable cause" refer to in the context of arrests?

"Probable cause" refers specifically to a reasonable belief that a crime has been committed based on the totality of the circumstances. It is a critical legal standard used by law enforcement to make arrests and conduct searches without a warrant. To establish probable cause, officers must have enough factual evidence to convince a reasonable person that a crime has occurred and that the person to be arrested is likely connected to that crime. This standard protects individuals’ rights while allowing police to act effectively in maintaining public safety.

While the other options touch on legal concepts relevant to the justice system, they do not accurately define "probable cause." The standard of proof required for convictions, for example, is beyond a reasonable doubt, which is much higher than probable cause. Similarly, while evidence is integral to both probable cause and court proceedings, not all evidence qualifies as "probable cause." Lastly, a requirement for police investigations involves more than just establishing probable cause; it encompasses various standards and procedures necessary for investigations to be valid and successful.